<p>In this paper, I will look at the broader perspective on medical theory and attitudes towards illness amongst the monastic doctors as well as the commoners prior to the importation of the Western science in pre-modern Japan. In particular, my interest is in the etiology of various types of sickness and how people in Japan [&hellip;]</p>

<p>（日本語は下記にあります） Perhaps I should explain and constantly update on what I have been doing (i.e. why I am asking for donation here). I teach Japanese professionally online, but since May, 2022, I have been setting aside some slots from my paid lessons so I could give intensive lessons for the Ukrainian evacuees in Japan. They [&hellip;]</p>

<p>What I will say here is just my own belief and I am not in any way criticizing any of the readers&#8217; stance &#8211; rather, this is a very generic statement I have felt throughout my life and this comes from my subjective point of view. So please just hear me out with a grain [&hellip;]</p>

<p>I: Introduction During the medieval period, the Scholastic philosophers tackled the account of generation and that of substantial change, advancing various interpretations drawn from the texts of Aristotle. I will briefly mention the accounts offered by Aquinas and Suarez to better understand the philosophical background against which Sennert was competing. Second, I will analyze how [&hellip;]</p>

<p>The Dragon Ball series, broadly speaking, illustrates the interrelations among individuals whose actions are dictated by their lust for power. This desire for power manifests itself in the quest for the dragon balls, which are said to grant wishes of anyone who has collected all seven of them. The Dragon Ball series, then, is a [&hellip;]</p>

<p>(NOTE: although this paper focuses on and only talks about the first 3 episodes of Sword Art Online Season 1, there are some spoilers for those episodes. Reader discretion is advised) I: Aincrad &nbsp; Sword Art Online (SAO)is a virtual reality massively multiplayer online role-playing game (VRMMORPG) in which, with the use of a device [&hellip;]</p>

<p>In the latter half of the second chapter, Newman discusses the authors and philosophers who argued in favour of alchemy and its ability to transmute base metals into a more precious one. A few prominent figures are discussed, followed by more attacks against the legitimacy of transmutation during the 13th– 16thcenturies. We will look at [&hellip;]</p>

<p>&nbsp; While it is obvious to the native Japanese speakers and some non-Native Japanese speakers, the names of the characters in Dragon Ball series can be both entertaining and, more importantly, informative about some of the dynamics of the interplays among the characters in the series. I have laid out some of the most important [&hellip;]</p>

<p>It is 5:30 am, and yet another sleepless night has passed. I am on a sleeping pill, but it has not kicked in. I kept thinking about my newly flared up motivations for academic writings and things I could accomplish with them. It is truly an exciting thing to think about – just not at [&hellip;]</p>

<p>Enryō Inoue (井上円了) 1858-1919 was a philosopher and a pioneer of occult studies in early modernity in Japan. His views on occult, or Yōkai, was unique in that he categorized anything supernatural or superstitious as well as natural things that are simply unexplained as Yōkai. His aim in occult studies, or henceforth Yōkai studies, was [&hellip;]</p>

<p>On January 19th, 2015, two Japanese journalists, Haruna Yukawa (42) and Kenji Goto (47) were taken hostage by ISIS. The extremist group demanded Japanese government to pay 200 million dollars – the same amount of money the Prime Minister Abe promised to give to aid the countries fighting against ISIS when he was visiting the [&hellip;]</p>

<p>           Having spoken of the scientific attitude in pre-modern Japan through the eyes of Ninja, who supposedly possessed supra human knowledge of the human behavior and natural medicine, it is now time to delve further into the Buddhist conception of how the world operated. In the first part of my research, [&hellip;]</p>

<p>Having spoken of the scientific attitude in pre-modern Japan through the eyes of Ninja, who supposedly possessed supra human knowledge of the human behavior and natural medicine, it is now time to delve further into the Buddhist conception of how the world operated. In the first part of my research, I discussed the ways in [&hellip;]</p>

<p>During the medieval period, both the Arabic and the Scholastic philosophers tackled the account of generation and that of substantial change, advancing various interpretations drawn from the texts of Aristotle. In this section, I will 1) lay out the accounts offered by Avicenna, Averroes, Aquinas and Suarez in order to better understand the philosophical background [&hellip;]</p>

<p>Actions and passions play a significant role in Descartes’ conception of the union between mind and body. Having explained to Princess Elizabeth that to conceive of the mind-body union is nothing but to conceive the mind as material and to Mersenne that the fact that the mind cannot be imagined does not render the union [&hellip;]</p>

<p>I “…the distinction drawn since the Enlightenment between the universal and the particular was revealed to be false, because what had been called universal was the particular from the point of view of power… [and similarly] subjective/objective division was revealed to be false, because the objective standpoint was specifically the view from the male position [&hellip;]</p>

<p>“Neighbors are presumed to be hostile and may be witches. They spy on you and rob your garden, no matter how poor you may be. You should never discuss your affairs in front of them or let them know in case you acquire sudden wealth by some stroke of magic, for they will denounce you [&hellip;]</p>

<p>I: What is Ninja? As popular as Ninja may be in our modern society, not much is known about them. This is due to the fact that Ninja were an organized intelligence agency that operated covertly in espionage, assassination, counter-intelligence and unconventional warfare. In a way, one could see Ninja as a prototype of the [&hellip;]</p>

<p>Moncriff sets out an ambitious project of arguing against the traditionally accepted view by the medical doctors that mixed diet or eating vegetables is more nutritious for us, and instead takes a view that an exclusive animal diet is the true path to follow if we want to be healthy. He argues that consulting doctors [&hellip;]</p>

<p>“Before atrocities are recognized as such, they are authoritatively regarded as either too extraordinary to be believable or to ordinary to be atrocious. If the events are socially considered unusual, the fact they happened is denied in specific instances; if they are regarded as usual, the fact that they are violating is denied: if it’s [&hellip;]</p>